¿Existen Componentes Comunes de las Psicoterapias Eficaces para la Conducta Suicida?Implicaciones para la Práctica Profesional

  1. Susana Al-Halabí 1
  2. Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo. España
  2. 2 Universidad de La Rioja. España
Revista:
Revista de psicoterapia

ISSN: 1130-5142 2339-7950

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Suicidios: Miradas desde el sentido

Volumen: 34

Número: 124

Páginas: 83-99

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/RDP.V34I124.37050 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicoterapia

Repositorio institucional: lock_openAcceso abierto Editor

Resumen

La literatura científica de los últimos años y los nuevos paradigmas de estudio de la conducta suicida señalan que su abordaje clínico debe centrarse en las razones por las que las personas consideran el suicidio y prefieren morir antes que vivir. El sufrimiento, la desesperanza o la incapacidad para encontrar sentido de la vida trascienden las categorías diagnósticas y están vinculadas a la presencia de cualquier manifestación de la conducta suicida. Por lo tanto, es necesaria una perspectiva que entienda la necesidad de un abordaje específico, más allá de los diagnósticos particulares o del que se precise para otros posibles problemas psicológicos. En población adulta, las psicoterapias que gozan de mayor apoyo empírico en cuanto a su eficacia son la terapia cognitivo conductual y la terapia dialéctico conductual en personas diagnosticadas de trastorno límite de la personalidad, particularmente mujeres. En adolescentes, la terapia dialéctico conductual para adolescentes ha recibido el mayor grado de recomendación. La intervención breve con mayor apoyo empírico para dar respuesta a las crisis suicidas es el plan de seguridad. Se señalan los componentes comunes necesarios para la eficacia de las psicoterapias, tales como la importancia de la evaluación comprensiva, la alianza terapéutica, el componente familiar o las habilidades de regulación emocional, entre otras. Se desarrollan las implicaciones profesionales y se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de formación específica de los terapeutas.

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