Spatio-temporal patterns of meteorological droughts in the Balearic Islands (Spain)

  1. J. Lorenzo-Lacruz 1
  2. E. Morán Tejada 1
  1. 1 Universitat de les Illes Balears
    info

    Universitat de les Illes Balears

    Palma, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03e10x626

Revista:
Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters
  1. Vicente Serrano, Sergio Martín (coord.)

ISSN: 0211-6820,  1697-9540

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 42

Número: 1

Páginas: 49-66

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.18172/CIG.2948 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

Repositorio institucional: lock_openAcceso abierto Editor

Resumen

Con un clima caracterizado por la irregularidad de las precipitaciones tanto intra- como inter-anualmente, y una demanda de agua cuyo pico coincide con el del déficit hídrico estival, las islas Baleares son una región con un alto riesgo de ocurrencia de sequías. Gracias a una base de datos pluviométrica de gran densidad espacial, en este trabajo nos proponemos analizar los principales patrones de distribución espacial y de frecuencia temporal de las sequías meteorológicas en las tres grandes islas del archipiélago Balear. Para cada serie de precipitación (50) se ha calculado un índice de sequía, el “Standardized Precipitation Index”, computado a la escala temporal de 12 meses, lo cual nos ha permitido localizar en el tiempo y en el espacio los principales eventos de sequía meteorológica ocurridos desde 1974 a 2014. Asimismo, mediante un Análisis de Componentes Principales hemos identificado dos grandes patrones en la variabilidad temporal de las sequías, con una localización espacial muy determinada. Se puede afirmar que la ocurrencia de sequías en el sector norte de la región – coincidiendo con la Sierra de la Tramuntana (Mallorca) y la isla de Menorca – es diferenciada e independiente de la ocurrencia de sequías en el sector sur, aunque en alguna ocasión aislada se han producido sequías en todo el territorio. Del mismo modo hemos comprobado que la evolución de las características de las sequías (especialmente su duración) es contrastada entre las dos áreas: en el sector norte la duración de las sequías ha descendido durante el periodo estudiado, mientras que en el sector sur se aprecia una ligera tendencia hacia el incremento. Los dos mayores eventos de sequía registrados,  1988-91 y 1999-01, presentan una evolución diferenciada en cuanto a su propagación temporal; el primero afectando principalmente al norte de la región, mientras en el sur se establecían progresivamente condiciones húmedas; y el segundo episodio afectando a la totalidad del territorio, pero comenzando su avance desde el sur y terminando con condiciones de sequía extrema en toda la parte oriental de la región. Los resultados indican la importancia de análisis regionales de gran resolución espacial para evaluar con rigor el comportamiento espacio-temporal de las sequías meteorológicas.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet