Catchment based hydrology under post farmland abandonment scenarios

  1. Noemí Lana-Renault Monreal 1
  2. López-Vicente, M. 2
  3. María Estela Nadal Romero 34
  4. José Angel Llorente Adán 1
  5. P. Errea 4
  6. David Regües Muñoz 4
  7. Purificación Ruiz Flaño 1
  8. Khorchani, M. 4
  9. José Arnáez Vadillo 1
  10. Nuria Pascual Bellido 1
  11. Ojanguren Sarrión, Rafael Sixto
  1. 1 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  2. 2 Estación Experimental de Aula Dei
    info

    Estación Experimental de Aula Dei

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/056a37x91

  3. 3 Universidad de Zaragoza
    info

    Universidad de Zaragoza

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/012a91z28

  4. 4 Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología
    info

    Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/039ssy097

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Revista:
Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters
  1. Latron, J. (ed. lit.)
  2. Lana-Renault Monreal, Noemí (ed. lit.)

ISSN: 0211-6820,  1697-9540

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 44

Número: 2

Páginas: 503-534

Tipo: Artículo

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DOI: 10.18172/CIG.3475 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

Repositorio institucional: lock_openAcceso abierto Editor

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Resumen

El aumento de la vegetación tras el abandono de tierras es un proceso complejo que depende tanto de factores naturales como antropogénicos. Esto implica que la evolución de la cubierta vegetal no es siempre igual, lo cual conlleva consecuencias ambientales diversas. Con el fin de evaluar la complejidad de las consecuencias hidrogeomorfológicas del abandono de tierras, el Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC) y la Universidad de La Rioja monitorizaron tres pequeñas cuencas representativas de diferentes escenarios post abandono en el Pirineo y en el Sistema Ibérico. Asimismo, se monitorizó una pequeña cuenca cubierta por bosque en el Pirineo, representativa de un ambiente que no ha sido alterado. En este estudio se describe la evolución de los usos del suelo en las cuencas abandonadas y se examinan sus implicaciones en la conectividad hidrológica. También se analizan las respuestas del caudal de los tres ambientes abandonados ante eventos pluviométricos similares y se comparan con las de un ambiente forestal. La vegetación aumentó en las tres cuencas pero se observaron diferencias importantes en las características actuales de la cubierta del suelo. Arnás, la cuenca sometida a un proceso de revegetación natural, constituye un mosaico de matorrales (64%) y bosques (27%) que se encuentran en diferentes estadios en la sucesión vegetal en función de la topografía y las características de los suelos. Araguás_Repoblación fue reforestada en los años 1960 y el 75% de su superficie está actualmente cubierto por bosque, la mayoría de repoblación. En Munilla, ocupada por terrazas de cultivo, el crecimiento de la vegetación se ha visto limitado por la introducción de ganado en régimen extensivo y el 80% de su superficie se encuentra ocupado por matorral disperso. El abandono de tierras conllevó una disminución generalizada de la conectividad hidrológica a escala de cuenca, excepto en zonas muy localizadas próximas a los cauces y a nuevas pistas forestales así como aguas arriba de los derrumbamientos en los bancales abandonados, que presentaron un incremento en los valores de conectividad. No obstante, este descenso en la conectividad hidrológica fue mucho menor en Munilla, caracterizada por una ausencia de vegetación densa y dominada todavía por una topografía aterrazada. La respuesta del caudal generada por eventos pluviométricos similares fue muy diferente en cada una de estas cuencas, evidenciando la importancia que tiene tanto la vegetación como unos suelos que todavía poseen características heredadas de un pasado agrícola. La respuesta hidrológica en Arnás fue intensa, incluso en condiciones secas, con picos de caudal elevados y tiempos de respuesta cortos. En condiciones secas, la respuesta del caudal en Araguás_repoblación fue de menor magnitud; no obstante, en condiciones húmedas, la cuenca registró una respuesta notable y caracterizada por un pico de caudal elevado. La respuesta hidrológica del ambiente repoblado fue muy diferente a la de un bosque natural, con hidrogramas de crecida mucho más suaves. Munilla registró la respuesta de caudal más limitada y ésta estuvo caracterizada por tiempos de respuesta lentos y curvas de recesión largas, asociados a la presencia de terrazas de cultivo con suelos profundos. Estos resultados ponen en evidencia la gran variabilidad de escenarios fruto del abandono de tierras y resalta la necesidad de considerar estas diferencias a la hora de reducir la incertidumbre en las predicciones futuras sobre la disponibilidad de los recursos hídricos y la conservación del suelo.

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Información de financiación

This study was performed under the framework of the European COST action ES1306 “Connecteur” (Connecting European Connectivity Research) and received financial support from Project ESPAS (CGL2015-65569-R), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER. Manuel López-Vicente and Estela Nadal-Romero were beneficiaries of “Proyecto de I+D+i para Jóvenes Investigadores” and “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral contracts, respectively, both from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.

Financiadores

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet