Quillaja saponin variants with central glycosidic linkage modifications exhibit distinct conformations and adjuvant activities

  1. Walkowicz, W.E. 5
  2. Fernández-Tejada, A. 12
  3. George, C. 6
  4. Corzana, F. 3
  5. Jiménez-Barbero, J. 147
  6. Ragupathi, G. 6
  7. Tan, D.S. 258
  8. Gin, D.Y. 258
  1. 1 Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja
    info

    Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03vfjzd38

  2. 2 Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, United States
  3. 3 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  4. 4 Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
  5. 5 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, United States
  6. 6 Melanoma and Immunotherapeutics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, United States
  7. 7 Structural Biology, Center for Cooperative Research, CIC-bioGUNE, Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
  8. 8 Tri-Institutional Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, United States
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Revue:
Chemical Science

ISSN: 2041-6520

Année de publication: 2016

Volumen: 7

Número: 3

Pages: 2371-2380

Type: Article

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DOI: 10.1039/C5SC02978C SCOPUS: 2-s2.0-84959422760 WoS: WOS:000371021900095 GOOGLE SCHOLAR

D'autres publications dans: Chemical Science

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Résumé

Immunological adjuvants such as the saponin natural product QS-21 help stimulate the immune response to co-administered antigens and have become increasingly important in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. However, clinical use of QS-21 is encumbered by chemical instability, dose-limiting toxicity, and low-yielding purification from the natural source. Previous studies of structure-activity relationships in the four structural domains of QS-21 have led to simplified, chemically stable variants that retain potent adjuvant activity and low toxicity in mouse vaccination models. However, modification of the central glycosyl ester linkage has not yet been explored. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, immunologic evaluation, and molecular dynamics analysis of a series of novel QS-21 variants with different linker lengths, stereochemistry, and flexibility to investigate the role of this linkage in saponin adjuvant activity and conformation. Despite relatively conservative structural modifications, these variants exhibit striking differences in in vivo adjuvant activity that correlate with specific conformational preferences. These results highlight the junction of the triterpene and linear oligosaccharide domains as playing a critical role in the immunoadjuvant activity of the Quillaja saponins and also suggest a mechanism of action involving interaction with a discrete macromolecular target, in contrast to the non-specific mechanisms of emulsion-based adjuvants. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.