Hongos asociados a las enfermedades de la madera del almendro en la Isla de Mallorca

Resumo

Fungal species associated with trunk diseases of almond on the Island of Mallorca. Since 2008, symptoms of severe decline of almond trees have been observed in several orchards from different areas of the Majorca Island. In order to study the etiology of this problem, surveys were conducted for six consecutive years (2009–2014). Disease symptoms included leaf chlorosis, general decay, and death branches. Internal wood symptoms ranged from brown to black vascular streaking, visible in cross sections as spots or circular discoloration of the xylem tissue, and wedge–shape necrosis or soft wood. Based on morphological and molecular identification, 14 fungal species were recovered from almond samples: Collophora hispanica, Diplodia olivarum, D. seriata, Eutypa lata, E. leptoplaca, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Neofusicoccum luteum, N. mediterraneum, N. parvum, Omphalotus olearius, Phaeoacremonium amygdalinum, Pm. iranianum, Phellinus pomaceus and Pleurostomoa richardsiae.