Derechos humanos desde la perspectiva de su compatibilidad, integración y complemento normativo; un análisis sobre la política internacional de Estados Unidos de América en el ámbito de las convenciones internacionales sobre derechos humanos.

Resumen

Resumen de Tesis Doctoral Desde un punto de vista descriptivo el Derecho Internacional, junto con estatuir el marco jurídico con arreglo al cual los Sujetos de Derecho Internacional han de ajustar la ejecución de sus actos, articula asimismo los vínculos entre estos Sujetos con el propósito de coordinar acciones tendientes a alcanzar ciertos fines a través de mecanismos que son definidos y configurados sobre la base de principios y preceptos jurídicos compartidos. En tales términos, el análisis del proceso de adopción de decisiones de estos agentes resulta fundamental para lograr determinar y evaluar los actos que éstos ejecutan en la esfera internacional, tanto en un plano unilateral como respecto de sus interacciones con otros Sujetos. De tal modo, el trabajo doctoral desarrollado intenta estructurar un planteamiento que, dentro del marco del Derecho Internacional, busca configurar una metodología de análisis relativa al proceso de decisión realizado por parte de los Sujetos de Derecho Internacional, y, especialmente, en el ámbito que respecta al Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. La aplicación en concreto de este planteamiento es llevada a cabo sobre un caso en particular: el análisis de la decisión de Estados Unidos de América de no ratificar la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos y de no aceptar la respectiva competencia de la Corte Interamericana. El trabajo sostiene que la incorporación al ámbito del Derecho Internacional de nuevos criterios con arreglo a los cuales poder llevar a cabo el análisis de las decisiones adoptadas por los Sujetos de Derecho Internacional resulta particularmente importante considerando que el Derecho Internacional Contemporáneo, según se plantea, ha pasado desde una fase fundacional (al momento de su creación luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial) a una funcional que demanda nuevos y mejores estándares para su realización. Frente a lo anterior, la tesis procede a explicar en qué consiste la Teoría de la Elección Racional, cómo se aplica en el marco de los distintos campos que comprehende la Teoría de la Decisión (Paramétrico, Estratégico y Colectivo), y de qué modo se puede emplear con miras a formalizar las decisiones de los Estados con arreglo a criterios de una racionalidad práctica; concluyendo que la decisión de Estados Unidos de no ratificar la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos – y de no aceptar la respectiva competencia de la Corte Interamericana – puede ser calificada como un error puesto que, de conformidad a una metodología analítica como la expuesta, se trata de una decisión que no maximiza la protección de aquellos derechos. 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