Metabolic Flux Analysis during the Exponential Growth Phase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Wine Fermentations

  1. Quirós, M. 4
  2. Martínez-Moreno, R. 4
  3. Albiol, J. 2
  4. Morales, P. 4
  5. Vázquez-Lima, F. 23
  6. Barreiro-Vázquez, A. 12
  7. Ferrer, P. 2
  8. Gonzalez, R. 4
  1. 1 Bioingenium. Edifici Hèlix, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  2. 2 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
    info

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

    Barcelona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/052g8jq94

  3. 3 Greenaltech. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  4. 4 Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino
    info

    Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01rm2sw78

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Journal:
PLoS ONE

ISSN: 1932-6203

Year of publication: 2013

Volume: 8

Issue: 8

Type: Article

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DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0071909 SCOPUS: 2-s2.0-84881515766 WoS: WOS:000323115800092 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

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Abstract

As a consequence of the increase in global average temperature, grapes with the adequate phenolic and aromatic maturity tend to be overripe by the time of harvest, resulting in increased sugar concentrations and imbalanced C/N ratios in fermenting musts. This fact sets obvious additional hurdles in the challenge of obtaining wines with reduced alcohols levels, a new trend in consumer demands. It would therefore be interesting to understand Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology during the fermentation of must with these altered characteristics. The present study aims to determine the distribution of metabolic fluxes during the yeast exponential growth phase, when both carbon and nitrogen sources are in excess, using continuous cultures. Two different sugar concentrations were studied under two different winemaking temperature conditions. Although consumption and production rates for key metabolites were severely affected by the different experimental conditions studied, the general distribution of fluxes in central carbon metabolism was basically conserved in all cases. It was also observed that temperature and sugar concentration exerted a higher effect on the pentose phosphate pathway and glycerol formation than on glycolysis and ethanol production. Additionally, nitrogen uptake, both quantitatively and qualitatively, was strongly influenced by environmental conditions. This work provides the most complete stoichiometric model used for Metabolic Flux Analysis of S. cerevisiae in wine fermentations employed so far, including the synthesis and release of relevant aroma compounds and could be used in the design of optimal nitrogen supplementation of wine fermentations. © 2013 Quirós et al.