Protocols for the delivery of small molecules to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

  1. Suzuki, T. 24
  2. España, M.U. 2
  3. Nunes, M.A. 12
  4. Zhurov, V. 2
  5. Dermauw, W. 5
  6. Osakabe, M. 6
  7. Van Leeuwen, T. 35
  8. Grbic, M. 27
  9. Grbic, V. 2
  1. 1 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
  2. 2 University of Western Ontario
    info

    University of Western Ontario

    London, Canadá

    ROR https://ror.org/02grkyz14

  3. 3 University of Amsterdam
    info

    University of Amsterdam

    Ámsterdam, Holanda

    ROR https://ror.org/04dkp9463

  4. 4 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
    info

    Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

    Tokio, Japón

    ROR https://ror.org/00qg0kr10

  5. 5 Ghent University
    info

    Ghent University

    Gante, Bélgica

    ROR https://ror.org/00cv9y106

  6. 6 Kyoto University
    info

    Kyoto University

    Kioto, Japón

    ROR https://ror.org/02kpeqv85

  7. 7 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

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Revista:
PLoS ONE

ISSN: 1932-6203

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 12

Número: 7

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0180658 SCOPUS: 2-s2.0-85022332977 WoS: WOS:000405464100088 GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: PLoS ONE

Repositorio institucional: lock_openAcceso abierto Editor

Resumen

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a chelicerate herbivore with an extremely wide host range and an extraordinary ability to develop pesticide resistance. Due to its responsiveness to natural and synthetic xenobiotics, the spider mite is becoming a prime pest herbivore model for studies of the evolution of host range, plant-herbivore interactions and mechanisms of xenobiotic resistance. The spider mite genome has been sequenced and its transcriptional responses to developmental and various biotic and abiotic cues have been documented. However, to identify biological and evolutionary roles of T. urticae genes and proteins, it is necessary to develop methods for the efficient manipulation of mite gene function or protein activity. Here, we describe protocols developed for the delivery of small molecules into spider mites. Starting with mite maintenance and the preparation of the experimental mite populations of developmentally synchronized larvae and adults, we describe 3 methods for delivery of small molecules including artificial diet, leaf coating, and soaking. The presented results define critical steps in these methods and demonstrate that they can successfully deliver tracer dyes into mites. Described protocols provide guidelines for high-throughput setups for delivery of experimental compounds that could be used in reverse genetics platforms to modulate gene expression or protein activity, or for screens focused on discovery of new molecules for mite control. In addition, described protocols could be adapted for other Tetranychidae and related species of economic importance such as Varroa, dust and poultry mites. © 2017 Suzuki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.