Public health risks of enterobacterial isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals: An EU perspective of epidemiology, analytical methods, risk factors, and control options
- Liebana, E. 11
- Carattoli, A. 3
- Coque, T.M. 13
- Hasman, H. 5
- Magiorakos, A.-P. 6
- Mevius, D. 24
- Peixe, L. 8
- Poirel, L. 12
- Schuepbach-Regula, G. 14
- Torneke, K. 10
- Torren-Edo, J. 7
- Torres, C. 1
- Threlfall, J. 9
-
1
Universidad de La Rioja
info
- 2 Department of Bacteriology and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Central Veterinary Institute, Lelystad, Netherlands
- 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
-
4
Utrecht University
info
-
5
Technical University of Denmark
info
-
6
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
info
- 7 European Medicines Agency, London, United Kingdom
-
8
Universidade Do Porto
info
- 9 Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
- 10 Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
- 11 Scientific Unit on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1/A, I-43126 Parma, Italy
-
12
Bicêtre Hospital
info
-
13
Hospital Ramón y Cajal
info
-
14
University of Bern
info
ISSN: 1058-4838
Year of publication: 2013
Volume: 56
Issue: 7
Pages: 1030-1037
Type: Article
More publications in: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Abstract
The blaESBL and blaAmpC genes in Enterobacteriaceae are spread by plasmid-mediated integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons, some of which are homologous in bacteria from food animals, foods, and humans. These genes have been frequently identified in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food animals, the most common being blaCTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, and blaCMY-2. Identification of risk factors for their occurrence in food animals is complex. In addition to generic antimicrobial use, cephalosporin usage is an important risk factor for selection and spread of these genes. Extensive international trade of animals is a further risk factor. There are no data on the effectiveness of individual control options in reducing public health risks. A highly effective option would be to stop or restrict cephalosporin usage in food animals. Decreasing total antimicrobial use is also of high priority. Implementation of measures to limit strain dissemination (increasing farm biosecurity, controls in animal trade, and other general postharvest controls) are also important. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.