Lieb-Liniger-like model of quantum solvation in CO-4HeN clusters

  1. Farrelly, D. 12
  2. Iñarrea, M. 1
  3. Lanchares, V. 2
  4. Salas, J.P. 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  2. 2 Utah State University
    info

    Utah State University

    Logan, Estados Unidos

    ROR https://ror.org/00h6set76

Revista:
Journal of Chemical Physics

ISSN: 0021-9606

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 144

Número: 20

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1063/1.4949537 SCOPUS: 2-s2.0-84971241676 WoS: WOS:000377712700030 GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of Chemical Physics

Resumen

Small 4He clusters doped with various molecules allow for the study of "quantum solvation" as a function of cluster size. A peculiarity of quantum solvation is that, as the number of 4He atoms is increased from N = 1, the solvent appears to decouple from the molecule which, in turn, appears to undergo free rotation. This is generally taken to signify the onset of "microscopic superfluidity." Currently, little is known about the quantum mechanics of the decoupling mechanism, mainly because the system is a quantum (N + 1)-body problem in three dimensions which makes computations difficult. Here, a one-dimensional model is studied in which the 4He atoms are confined to revolve on a ring and encircle a rotating CO molecule. The Lanczos algorithm is used to investigate the eigenvalue spectrum as the number of 4He atoms is varied. Substantial solvent decoupling is observed for as few as N = 5 4He atoms. Examination of the Hamiltonian matrix, which has an almost block diagonal structure, reveals increasingly weak inter-block (solvent-molecule) coupling as the number of 4He atoms is increased. In the absence of a dopant molecule the system is similar to a Lieb-Liniger (LL) gas and we find a relatively rapid transition to the LL limit as N is increased. In essence, the molecule initially - for very small N - provides a central, if relatively weak, attraction to organize the cluster; as more 4He atoms are added, the repulsive interactions between the identical bosons start to dominate as the solvation ring (shell) becomes more crowded which causes the molecule to start to decouple. For low N, the molecule pins the atoms in place relative to itself; as N increases the atom-atom repulsion starts to dominate the Hamiltonian and the molecule decouples. We conclude that, while the notion of superfluidity is a useful and correct description of the decoupling process, a molecular viewpoint provides complementary insights into the quantum mechanism of the transition from a molecular cluster to a quantum solvated molecule. © 2016 Author(s).