Age and type of instruction (CLIC vs. traditional EFL) in lexical development

  1. Agustín-Llach, Maria Pilar 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

Revista:
IJES: international journal of English studies

ISSN: 1578-7044

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 16

Número: 1

Páginas: 75-96

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.6018/IJES/2016/1/220691 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: IJES: international journal of English studies

Repositorio institucional: lock_openAcceso abierto Editor

Resumen

The present paper compares the vocabulary development of a group of CLIL and of traditional EFL learners along three years. The observation that a CLIL approach might provide with larger benefits in the long run vocabulary is the starting point of this study. We had learners in the two groups complete a letter writing task. These writings were then scrutinized for L1 influence in the form of borrowings and lexical creations. The frequency of the words in the letters was also object of analysis. Results revealed that CLIL learners perform slightly better but non-significantly better than traditional EFL along the three years. Furthermore, the evolution of L1 influence and word use also followed an expected improvement pattern as learners went up grade. However, our results do not provide evidence of a growing CLIL advantage with increasing experience. The young age and low proficiency of learners in the present study might be blocking this possible advantage found elsewhere.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Ackerl, C. (2007). Lexico-Grammar in the Essays of CLIL and non-CLIL Students: Error Analysis of Written Production. Views, 16(3), 6–11. Special issue: Current Research on CLIC 2 (U. Smit & C. Dalton-Puffer (Eds.)). Retrieved September 3, 2015 from https://anglistik.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/dep_anglist/weitere_Uploads/Views/Views _0703.pdf.
  • Agustín-Llach, M. P. (2009). The role of Spanish L1 in the vocabulary use of content and non-content EFL learners. In Y. Ruiz de Zarobe & R. M. Jiménez Catalán (Eds.), Content and Language Integrated Learning: Evidence from Research in Europe (pp. 112–129). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Agustín-Llach, M. P. (2011). Lexical errors and accuracy in foreign language writing. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Agustín-Llach, M. P. (2014). Exploring the lexical profile of young CLIL learners: towards an improvement in lexical use. International Journal of Immersion and Content-based Learning, 2(1), 53–73.
  • Agustín Llach, M.P. (2015). The Effects of the CLIL Approach in Young Foreign Language Learners’ Lexical Profiles. Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. doi: 10.1080/13670050.2015.1103208.
  • Cabaleiro González, M. B. (2003). La escritura en L1 y L2: estudio empírico. RESLA, 16, 33–52.
  • Canga Alonso, A. (2013). The receptive vocabulary of Spanish 6th grade primary school students in CLIL instruction: A preliminary study. Latin American Journal of Content and Language Integrated Learning (LACLIL), 6(2), 22–41. doi: 10.5294/laclil.2013.6.2.2.
  • Caspi, T. & Lowie, W. (2013). The Dynamics of L2 Vocabulary Development: A Case Study of Receptive and Productive Knowledge. RBLA, Belo Horizonte, 13(2), 437–462.
  • Celaya, M. L. (2008). I study natus in English: Lexical transfer in CLIL and regular learners. In R. Monroy & A. Sánchez (Eds.), 25 Years of Applied Linguistics in Spain: Milestones and Challenges (pp. 43–49). Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia.
  • Celaya, M. L. & Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (2008). CLIL, Age, and L1 influence. Paper presented at the XXXII AEDEAN Conference. University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, November, 13–15.
  • Celaya, M. L. & Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (2010). First languages and age in CLIL and non-CLIL contexts. International CLIL Research Journal, 1(3), 60–66.
  • Celaya, M. L. & Torras, M. R. (2001). L1 influence and EFL vocabulary. Do children rely more on L1 than adult learners? In M. Falces Sierra, M. M. Díaz Dueñas & J. M. Pérez Fernández (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th AEDEAN Conference (pp. 1–14). Granada: Universidad de Granada.
  • Cobb, T. (n.d.). Compleat Lexical Tutor. Available at http://www.lextutor.ca.
  • Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cui, Y. (2009). The development of lexical organization in Chinese EFL learners at tertiary level. Arizona Working Papers in SLA & Teaching, 16, 57–73.
  • Dalton-Puffer, C. (2008). Outcomes and processes in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): current research from Europe. In W. Delanoy & L. Volkmann (Eds.), Future Perspectives for English Language Teaching (pp. 139–157). Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
  • Dalton-Puffer, C. (2011). Content and language integrated learning: from practice to principles. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31, 182–204.
  • Dewaele, J. M. (1998). Lexical inventions: French interlanguage as L2 versus L3. Applied Linguistics, 19 (4), 471–490.
  • Dewaele, J. M. (2001). Activation or Inhibition ? The Interaction of L1, L2 and L3 on the Language Mode Continuum. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Eds.), Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives (pp. 69–89). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Ecke, P. (2001). Lexical retrieval in a third language: evidence from errors and tip-of-the-tongue states. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Eds.), Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives (pp. 90–114). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Ellis, N. & Beaton, A. (1993). Psycholinguistic Determinants of Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning. Language Learning, 43(4), 559–617.
  • Gabryś-Barker, D. (2006). The Interaction of Languages in the Lexical Search of Multilingual Language Users. In J. Arabski (Ed.), Cross-linguistic Influences in the Second Language Lexicon (pp. 144–166). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • González Álvarez, E. (2004). Interlanguage Lexical Innovation. München: Lincom Europa.
  • Jiang, N. (2000). Lexical representation and Development in a Second Language. Applied Linguistics, 21(1), 47–77.
  • Jiménez Catalán, R. M. & Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (2009). The receptive vocabulary of EFL learners in two instructional contexts: CLIL vs. non-CLIL instruction. In Y. Ruiz de Zarobe & R. M. Jiménez Catalán (Eds.), Content and Language Integrated Learning. Evidence from Research in Europe (pp. 81–92). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Jiménez Catalán, R. M., Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. & Cenoz, J. (2006). Vocabulary profiles. Views, 15(3), 23–27. Special issue: Current Research on CLIC (C. Dalton-Puffer & T. Nikula (Eds.)). Retrieved September 3, 2015 from https://anglistik.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/ dep_anglist/weitere_Uploads/Views/views15_3_clil_special.pdf.
  • Lasagabaster, D. (2008). Foreign language competence in content and language integrated courses. The Open Applied Linguistics Journal, 1, 31–42.
  • Laufer, B. (1990). Why are some words more difficult than others? Some intralexical factors that affect the learning of words. IRAL, 28, 293–307.
  • Laufer, B. (1997). What’s in a word that makes it hard or easy: some intralexical factors that affect the learning of words. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary. Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy (pp.140–155). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Li, J. & Schmitt, N. (2009). The acquisition of lexical phrases in academic writing: A longitudinal case study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 18, 85–102.
  • Marsden, E. & David, A. (2008). Vocabulary Use during Conversation: A Cross-sectional Study of Development from Year 9 to Year 13 amongst Learners of Spanish and French. Language Learning Journal, 36(2), 181–198.
  • Meara, P. (1996). The dimensions of lexical competence. In G. Brown, K. Malmkjaer & J. Williams (Eds.), Performance and Competence in Second Language Acquisition (pp. 33–53). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Meara, P. & Bell, H. (2001). P_Lex: A simple and effective way of describing the lexical characteristics of short L2 texts. Prospect, 16(3), 5–17.
  • Milton, J. (2009). Measuring second language vocabulary acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Moreno Espinosa, S. (2009). Young Learners’ L2 Word Association Responses in Two Different Learning Contexts. In Y. Ruiz de Zarobe & R. M. Jiménez Catalán (Eds.), Content and Language Integrated Learning. Evidence from Research in Europe (pp. 93–111). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Muñoz, C. (2007). Age-related differences and second language learning practice. In R. DeKeyser (Ed.), Practice in a Second Language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology (pp. 229–255). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nation, P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nicolay, A.C. & Poncelet, M. (2013). Cognitive abilities underlying L2 vocabulary acquisition in an early L2-immersion educational context: A longitudinal study. Journal of experimental child psychology, 115, 655–671.
  • Nikolov, M. (2014). What we have learnt from students’ and teachers’ feedback on diagnostic tests: Implications for classrooms. Plenary talk presented at the International Conference on Child Language Acquisition, Universidad del País Vasco, Spain, November, 16–17.
  • Pfenninger, S. (2014). The misunderstood variable: Age effects as a function of type of instruction. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 4(3), 529–556.
  • Poulisse, N. & Bongaerts, T. (1994). First language use in second language production. Applied Linguistics, 15, 36–57.
  • Ringbom, H. (1998). Vocabulary frequencies in advanced learner English: A cross-linguistic approach. In S. Granger (Ed.), Learner English on Computer (pp. 41–52). London: Addison Wesley Longman.
  • Ringbom, H. (2001). Lexical Transfer in L3 Production. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Eds.), Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives (pp. 59–68). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Robinson, P. & Ellis, N. C. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition. New York, NY / London: Routledge.
  • Rokita, J. (2006). Code-mixing in Early L2 Lexical Acquisition. In J. Arabski (Ed.), Cross-linguistic Influences in the Second Language Lexicon (pp. 177–190). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Ruiz de Mendoza, F. J. (2013). Pedagogical grammar and meaning construction. Plenary Lecture presented at the International Conference: Constructionist Approaches to Language Pedagogy CALP 2013. Université Saint-Louis, Belgium, November, 8–9.
  • Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (2008). CLIL and foregin Language learning: A longitudinal study in the Basque Country. International CLIL Research Journal, 1(1), 60–73.
  • Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (2011). Which Language Competencies Benefit from CLIL? An Insight into Applied Linguistics Research. In Y. Ruiz de Zarobe, J. M. Sierra & F. Gallardo del Puerto (Eds.), Content and Foreign Language Integrated Learning: Contributions to Multilingualism in European Contexts (pp. 129–154). Bern: Peter Lang.
  • Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. & Celaya, M. L. (2009). CLIL instruction and foreign language competence in two bilingual communities. Paper presented at the XXVII International AESLA Conference. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, March 26–28.
  • Saji, N., Imai, M., Saalback, H., Zhang, Y., Shu, H. & Okada, H. (2011). Word learning does not end at fast mapping: Evolution of verb meanings through reorganization of an entire semantic domain. Cognition, 118, 45–61.
  • Schmitt, N. (1998). Tracking the incremental acquisition of second language vocabulary: A longitudinal study. Language Learning, 48(2), 281–317.
  • Schmitt, N., Schmitt, D. & Clapham, C. (2001). Developing and Exploring the Behaviour of two New Versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test. Language Testing, 18(1), 55–88.
  • Schoonen, R., van Gelderen, A., De Glopper, K., Hulstijn, J., Simis, A., Snellings, P. & Stevenson, M. (2009). First language and second language writing: The role of linguistic knowledge, speed of processing and metacognitive knowledge. Language Learning, 53(1), 165–202.
  • Singleton, D. (1999). Exploring the Second Language Mental Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stemach, G. & Williams, W. (1988). WordExpress: The first 2500 words of spoken English. Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.
  • Sylvén, L. K. (2010). Teaching in English or English Teaching? On the effects of content and language integrated learning on Swedish learners’ incidental vocabulary acquisition. Gothenburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.
  • Terrazas Gallego, M. & Agustín-Llach, M. P. (2009). Exploring the increase of receptive vocabulary knowledge in the foreign language: A longitudinal Study. International Journal of English Studies, 9(1), 113–133.
  • Várkuti, A. (2010). Linguistic Benefits of the CLIL Approach: Measuring Linguistic Competences. International CLIL Research Journal, 1(3), 67–79.
  • Vermeer, A. (2004). The relation between lexical richness and vocabulary size in Dutch L1 and L2 children. In P. Bogaards & B. Laufer (Eds.), Vocabulary in a second language: Selection, acquisition and testing (pp. 173–190). Amsterdam / Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
  • Xanthou, M. (2011). Current trends in L2 vocabulary learning and instruction: Is CLIL the right approach? In A. Psaltou-Joycey & M. Mattheoudakis (Eds.), 14th International Conference on Applied Linguistics. Advances in Research on Language Acquisition and Teaching: Selected Papers (pp. 459–471). Thessaloniki: GALA. Retrieved September 3, 2015 from http://www.enl.auth.gr/gala/14th/Papers/English%20papers/Xanthou.pdf.
  • Zhang, X. & Lu, X. (2013). A Longitudinal Study of Receptive Vocabulary Breadth Knowledge Growth and Vocabulary Fluency Development. Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 283–304. doi: 10.1093/applin/ amt014.
  • Zheng, Y. (2012). Exploring long term productive vocabulary development in an EFL context: The role of motivation. System, 40, 104–119.