European small portable rainfall simulators: A comparison of rainfall characteristics
- Iserloh, T. 8
- Ries, J.B. 8
- Arnáez, J. 9
- Boix-Fayos, C. 13
- Butzen, V. 8
- Cerdà, A. 4
- Echeverría, M.T. 5
- Fernández-Gálvez, J. 1
- Fister, W. 10
- Geißler, C. 11
- Gómez, José Alfonso. 6
- Gómez-Macpherson, H. 6
- Kuhn, N.J. 10
- Lázaro, R. 2
- León, F.J. 5
- Martínez-Mena, M. 13
- Martínez-Murillo, J.F. 3
- Marzen, M. 8
- Mingorance, M.D. 1
- Ortigosa, L. 9
- Peters, P. 7
- Regüés, D. 12
- Ruiz-Sinoga, J.D. 3
- Scholten, T. 11
- Seeger, M. 8
- Solé-Benet, A. 2
- Wengel, R. 8
- Wirtz, S. 8
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1
Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra
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2
Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas
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3
Universidad de Málaga
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4
Universitat de València
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Universidad de Zaragoza
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Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible
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- 7 Land Degradation and Development, Wageningen University, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands
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8
University of Trier
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9
Universidad de La Rioja
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10
University of Basel
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11
University of Tübingen
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12
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología
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13
Centro de Edafología y Biología aplicada del Segura
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ISSN: 0341-8162
Año de publicación: 2013
Volumen: 110
Páginas: 100-112
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Catena
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Resumen
Small-scale portable rainfall simulators are an essential research tool for investigating the process dynamics of soil erosion and surface hydrology. There is no standardisation of rainfall simulation and such rainfall simulators differ in design, rainfall intensities, rain spectra and research questions, which impede drawing a meaningful comparison between results. Nevertheless, these data become progressively important for soil erosion assessment and therefore, the basis for decision-makers in application-oriented erosion protection. The artificially generated rainfall of the simulators used at the Universities Basel, La Rioja, Malaga, Trier, Tübingen, Valencia, Wageningen, Zaragoza, and at different CSIC (Spanish Scientific Research Council) institutes (Almeria, Cordoba, Granada, Murcia and Zaragoza) was measured with the same methods (Laser Precipitation Monitor for drop spectra and rain collectors for spatial distribution). Data are very beneficial for improvements of simulators and comparison of simulators and results. Furthermore, they can be used for comparative studies, e.g. with measured natural rainfall spectra. A broad range of rainfall data was measured (e.g. intensity: 37-360 mm h- 1; Christiansen Coefficient for spatial rainfall distribution: 61-98%; median volumetric drop diameter: 0.375-6.5 mm; mean kinetic energy expenditure: 25-1322 J m- 2 h- 1; mean kinetic energy per unit area and unit depth of rainfall: 0.77-50 J m- 2 mm- 1). Similarities among the simulators could be found e.g. concerning drop size distributions (maximum drop numbers are reached within the smallest drop classes < 1 mm) and low fall velocities of bigger drops due to a general physical restriction. The comparison represents a good data-base for improvements and provides a consistent picture of the different parameters of the simulators that were tested. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.